The rise of craft brew­ing in the 1980s, and its sub­se­quent ex­plo­sion, have caused re­cent short­ages of hops. Pro­fes­sor Heather Darby of the Uni­ver­sity of Ver­mont has been work­ing on bring­ing hops back to the state with co­op­er­a­tion from lo­cal brew­ers like Brian Cook of King­dom Brew­ing in New­port Cen­ter and the Ver­mont Brew­ers As­so­ci­a­tion.